Python Programming Cheat Sheet
Advanced Python programming reference guide
Python Programming Cheat Sheet
Advanced Python programming concepts and patterns. Click the copy button to copy any command.
91
Total Commands
91
Filtered Results
List Comprehensions
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
[x*2 for x in range(10)] | Basic list comprehension | |
[x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0] | List comprehension with condition | |
[x if x > 0 else 0 for x in nums] | List comprehension with if-else | |
[[i*j for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)] | Nested list comprehension | |
[x+y for x in list1 for y in list2] | Multiple iterables |
Dictionary Comprehensions
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
{x: x**2 for x in range(5)} | Basic dict comprehension | |
{k: v for k, v in dict.items() if v > 0} | Dict comprehension with filter | |
{v: k for k, v in dict.items()} | Swap keys and values |
Set Comprehensions
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
{x**2 for x in range(10)} | Basic set comprehension | |
{x for x in list if x > 0} | Set comprehension with filter |
Generator Expressions
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
(x**2 for x in range(10)) | Generator expression | |
sum(x**2 for x in range(10)) | Generator in function |
Lambda Functions
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
lambda x: x*2 | Simple lambda | |
lambda x, y: x + y | Lambda with multiple args | |
lambda x: x if x > 0 else 0 | Lambda with conditional | |
sorted(list, key=lambda x: x[1]) | Lambda as key function |
Map, Filter, Reduce
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
list(map(lambda x: x*2, nums)) | Map with lambda | |
list(filter(lambda x: x > 0, nums)) | Filter with lambda | |
from functools import reduce
reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, nums) | Reduce to sum |
Decorators
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
@decorator
def func():
pass | Basic decorator usage | |
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper | Define decorator | |
@property | Property decorator | |
@staticmethod | Static method decorator | |
@classmethod | Class method decorator |
Generators
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
def gen():
yield value | Basic generator | |
next(generator) | Get next value from generator | |
yield from iterable | Delegate to sub-generator |
Context Managers
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
with open("file") as f:
data = f.read() | File context manager | |
from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def my_context():
yield | Custom context manager |
Classes - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x | Class with constructor | |
class Child(Parent): | Inheritance | |
super().__init__() | Call parent constructor | |
def __str__(self):
return "string" | String representation | |
def __repr__(self):
return "repr" | Object representation | |
def __len__(self):
return length | Length magic method | |
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.data[key] | Index access | |
@property
def x(self):
return self._x | Getter property | |
@x.setter
def x(self, value):
self._x = value | Setter property |
Data Classes
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclass
class Point:
x: int
y: int | Define dataclass |
Type Hints
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
def func(x: int) -> int: | Function with type hints | |
from typing import List, Dict, Tuple | Import typing module | |
numbers: List[int] = [1, 2, 3] | List type hint | |
data: Dict[str, int] = {} | Dict type hint | |
from typing import Optional
x: Optional[int] = None | Optional type | |
from typing import Union
x: Union[int, str] | Union type |
Itertools
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
from itertools import chain
chain(list1, list2) | Chain iterables | |
from itertools import combinations
combinations(iterable, r) | Generate combinations | |
from itertools import permutations
permutations(iterable, r) | Generate permutations | |
from itertools import product
product(iter1, iter2) | Cartesian product | |
from itertools import islice
islice(iterable, start, stop) | Slice iterator |
Collections
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
from collections import Counter
Counter(list) | Count elements | |
from collections import defaultdict
defaultdict(int) | Dict with default values | |
from collections import deque
deque([1, 2, 3]) | Double-ended queue | |
from collections import namedtuple
Point = namedtuple("Point", ["x", "y"]) | Named tuple |
String Methods - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
s.partition(sep) | Split into 3-tuple | |
s.zfill(width) | Pad with zeros | |
s.center(width) | Center string | |
s.ljust(width) | Left justify | |
s.rjust(width) | Right justify |
List Methods - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
list.extend(iterable) | Add all items from iterable | |
list.index(value) | Find index of value | |
list.count(value) | Count occurrences | |
list.copy() | Shallow copy of list | |
list.clear() | Remove all items |
Dictionary Methods - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
dict.setdefault(key, default) | Get or set default | |
dict.update(other_dict) | Update with another dict | |
dict.pop(key, default) | Remove and return value | |
dict.popitem() | Remove and return last item | |
{**dict1, **dict2} | Merge dictionaries |
Unpacking
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
*args | Unpack positional arguments | |
**kwargs | Unpack keyword arguments | |
a, *rest = [1, 2, 3, 4] | Unpack with rest | |
a, *middle, b = [1, 2, 3, 4] | Unpack middle values |
Walrus Operator (Python 3.8+)
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
if (n := len(list)) > 10: | Assignment in expression | |
while (line := f.readline()): | Assign and check in loop |
F-strings - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
f"{variable=}" | Debug f-string (Python 3.8+) | |
f"{value:.2f}" | Format to 2 decimals | |
f"{value:>10}" | Right align in 10 spaces | |
f"{value:,}" | Thousands separator |
Pathlib
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
from pathlib import Path
Path("file.txt") | Create Path object | |
path.exists() | Check if path exists | |
path.read_text() | Read file as text | |
path.write_text(text) | Write text to file | |
path.glob("*.txt") | Find matching files |
Async/Await
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
async def func():
await operation | Async function | |
asyncio.run(func()) | Run async function | |
await asyncio.gather(*tasks) | Run tasks concurrently |
Error Handling - Advanced
Command | Copy | Description |
---|---|---|
raise ValueError("message") | Raise specific exception | |
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e: | Catch multiple exceptions | |
else: | Execute if no exception | |
try:
pass
except Exception:
pass
else:
pass
finally:
pass | Complete try block |
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