SQL Cheat Sheet
SQL database commands reference guide
SQL Cheat Sheet
Quick reference guide for SQL database commands. Click the copy button to copy any command.
106
Total Commands
106
Filtered Results
Database Operations
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CREATE DATABASE dbname | Create database | |
DROP DATABASE dbname | Delete database | |
USE dbname | Switch to database | |
SHOW DATABASES | List all databases |
Table Operations
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype) | Create table | |
DROP TABLE table_name | Delete table | |
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype | Add column | |
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name | Remove column | |
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype | Modify column | |
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_name | Rename table | |
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name | Remove all rows | |
SHOW TABLES | List all tables | |
DESCRIBE table_name | Show table structure |
SELECT Queries
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
SELECT * FROM table_name | Select all columns | |
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name | Select specific columns | |
SELECT DISTINCT column FROM table_name | Select unique values | |
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition | Select with condition | |
SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10 | Limit results | |
SELECT * FROM table_name OFFSET 10 | Skip rows |
WHERE Conditions
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
WHERE column = value | Equal to | |
WHERE column != value | Not equal to | |
WHERE column > value | Greater than | |
WHERE column < value | Less than | |
WHERE column >= value | Greater than or equal | |
WHERE column <= value | Less than or equal | |
WHERE column BETWEEN val1 AND val2 | Between values | |
WHERE column IN (val1, val2, val3) | In list | |
WHERE column LIKE "%pattern%" | Pattern match | |
WHERE column IS NULL | Is null | |
WHERE column IS NOT NULL | Is not null | |
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 | AND operator | |
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 | OR operator | |
WHERE NOT condition | NOT operator |
INSERT Operations
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES (val1, val2) | Insert single row | |
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (val1, val2, val3) | Insert all columns | |
INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES (val1, val2), (val3, val4) | Insert multiple rows |
UPDATE Operations
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
UPDATE table_name SET column = value | Update all rows | |
UPDATE table_name SET column = value WHERE condition | Update with condition | |
UPDATE table_name SET col1 = val1, col2 = val2 WHERE condition | Update multiple columns |
DELETE Operations
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition | Delete specific rows | |
DELETE FROM table_name | Delete all rows |
ORDER BY
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
ORDER BY column ASC | Sort ascending | |
ORDER BY column DESC | Sort descending | |
ORDER BY col1, col2 DESC | Sort by multiple columns |
GROUP BY
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
GROUP BY column | Group rows | |
GROUP BY column HAVING condition | Group with filter |
Aggregate Functions
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name | Count rows | |
SELECT COUNT(column) FROM table_name | Count non-null values | |
SELECT SUM(column) FROM table_name | Sum values | |
SELECT AVG(column) FROM table_name | Average value | |
SELECT MIN(column) FROM table_name | Minimum value | |
SELECT MAX(column) FROM table_name | Maximum value |
JOINS
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col | Inner join | |
LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col | Left join | |
RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col | Right join | |
FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col | Full outer join | |
CROSS JOIN table2 | Cartesian product | |
SELF JOIN | Join table to itself |
Subqueries
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE col IN (SELECT col FROM table2) | Subquery in WHERE | |
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM table1) AS subquery | Subquery in FROM |
UNION
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
SELECT * FROM table1 UNION SELECT * FROM table2 | Union (distinct) | |
SELECT * FROM table1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM table2 | Union all (duplicates) |
Data Types
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
INT | Integer | |
VARCHAR(size) | Variable character string | |
CHAR(size) | Fixed character string | |
TEXT | Long text | |
DATE | Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | |
DATETIME | Date and time | |
TIMESTAMP | Timestamp | |
DECIMAL(p,s) | Fixed-point number | |
FLOAT | Floating-point number | |
BOOLEAN | True/False |
Constraints
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
PRIMARY KEY | Primary key constraint | |
FOREIGN KEY | Foreign key constraint | |
UNIQUE | Unique constraint | |
NOT NULL | Not null constraint | |
DEFAULT value | Default value | |
CHECK (condition) | Check constraint | |
AUTO_INCREMENT | Auto increment |
Indexes
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column) | Create index | |
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column) | Create unique index | |
DROP INDEX index_name | Drop index |
Views
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT * FROM table WHERE condition | Create view | |
DROP VIEW view_name | Drop view | |
SELECT * FROM view_name | Query view |
String Functions
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CONCAT(str1, str2) | Concatenate strings | |
UPPER(str) | Convert to uppercase | |
LOWER(str) | Convert to lowercase | |
SUBSTRING(str, start, length) | Extract substring | |
LENGTH(str) | String length | |
TRIM(str) | Remove whitespace | |
REPLACE(str, find, replace) | Replace substring |
Date Functions
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
NOW() | Current date and time | |
CURDATE() | Current date | |
CURTIME() | Current time | |
DATE_FORMAT(date, format) | Format date | |
DATEDIFF(date1, date2) | Difference in days | |
DATE_ADD(date, INTERVAL value unit) | Add to date |
Transactions
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
START TRANSACTION | Begin transaction | |
COMMIT | Commit transaction | |
ROLLBACK | Rollback transaction |
User Management
| Command | Copy | Description |
|---|---|---|
CREATE USER "user"@"host" IDENTIFIED BY "password" | Create user | |
DROP USER "user"@"host" | Delete user | |
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db.* TO "user"@"host" | Grant privileges | |
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON db.* FROM "user"@"host" | Revoke privileges | |
FLUSH PRIVILEGES | Reload privileges |
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